Side walks in Yazd:
In cities like Sydney buildings and streets are designed in the way that streets could catch the maximum sun light of three hours. In desert area in Iran this issue is inverse. Side walks in cities like Yarzd should have shadow to protect people from harsh and hot climate of desert areas. In order to get shadow in sidewalks of Yazd, tall walls are located in two sides of  narrow side walks. The direction of sidewalks are usually east to west which get the lowest amount of sunlight in that region. (Ahmadkhani Maleki 2011). Furthermore there are arch structures and sometimes a room which is called sabat, that are located above the side walks to provide more Shadow. Hot flows in desert areas are common. Side walks in Yazd are curve to decrease the amount of flows (keshtkaran 2011) This simple structures in Yazd helps people to adjust themselves to harsh and warm climate.

http://www.trekearth.com

http://www.iotpe.com/IJTPE/IJTPE-2011/IJTPE-Issue6-Vol3-No1-Mar2011/16-IJTPE-Issue6-Vol3-No1-Mar2011-pp84-91.pdf
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705811048697#

Tree roots in walkways:
Trees are important elements in streets. they provide shadow, decrease carbon emission and make street more beautiful. In Sydney there are large number of walkways which damaged by tree roots. These walkways are not proper for biking, walking and to carry trolley or trolley bags. In order to keep trees and also prevent and minimise the damage to walkways there are several thing that could be done. According to Gliman (2002) removing some part of walkways can help to reduce damage to walkway. Furthermore using barriers and channels to change the direction of roots to open soil could be helpful. Using gravel under the pavement causes roots to stay under pavement. Well drained soil is important to reduce the damage. Roots in this sort of soil can receive more oxygen because water will scattered in the soil instead of pooling in certain part of soil.

http://houston-treeservice.com/blog/

http://www.pasadenanow.com

source: 
Gliman,F (2002) Urban Design to Accommodate Trees: Sidewalk Solutions,Department of Environmental Horticulture,pp3-22

Borneo-Sporenburg:

http://fr.urbarama.com/project/borneo-sporenburg

In Rotterdam there is strong oriented residential area alonge the water edge and water canal. All of the building are 3 storey with out basement. Some of the buildings are located directly on the water edge. The blocks are long and the streets are narrow, mostly without trees.Material of pavement makes cars to reduce their speed. In some blocks buildings are same and they are repeated. In other parts of area the facades of buildings have exotic variety.Apart form houses there are some unexpected spaces and buildings that are located between blocks. In one area blocks cut suddenly with oblique green space. In other locations there are two  high rise buildings between blocks that are positioned obliquely. The water front and walkways which located at the edge of water are so simple .

http://archporn.wordpress.com/2009/09/16/borneo-sporenburg-by-west8/

http://www.uytenhaak.nl

 

 Marina Barrage in Singapore:
Marina  Barrage is a dam that is located in Singapore strait. According to Singapore`s National Water Agency (2014) this dam has three different functions. First one is flood controlling to preserve  areas around catchment. When the level of water rises because of the rain, the gates of the dam will be opened to decrease catchment water. Second feature is about providing some part of the water demand of the city. Third feature is attraction. The Marina Barrage is a sustainable building. It has green roof that provide exotic view to the city, catchment and Bay Gast garden. This dam is a good example of a structure with three different and useful features for city.

http://bigwalkonwater.wordpress.com

http://www.eventfinda.sg

Source:
http://www.pub.gov.sg/Marina/Pages/default.aspx

Canal City Hakata:
The Canal City Hakata is located in commercial and entertainment district of Fukuoka in Japan . This structure consisted of 2 hotels,shopping mall with restaurant, theatre, cinemas and a water canal with fountain in centre of it (Japan guide 2011) . In centre of canal and structure there is a stage that sometimes artists perform there. There are open balconies from shopping mall in this area plus one of the glazed facades of the hotel that have view to fountain and stage. The choice of colour for shopping mall is different and interesting that can draw attention. In general this structure has engaged people well with indoor and outdoor places. There are large number of shopping mall complex in all over the world but this one could be more successful because of the special curve design and mix of functions.

http://yokanavi.com

 

http://www.yelp.com

 source:
 http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4800.html

Palace Square St Peters burg:

This Square is surrounded  by different classic buildings. There are huge gapes between buildings plus a high and big arch as the location of entrance and a high column in the centre of it.Unlike most of the squares which are rectangular,Palace square do not have certain shape and the only elements in square are column and pavement.There are no benches and trees in square maybe because this square in the past was a place to gather people for certain events.The square is shaped by 3 long buildings around it.The important thing about this square is the sense of overwhelming that caused by the height and length of buildings,entrances and column .

http://en.wikipedia.org

 

 Nomba Parks Osaka:
Nomba Parks is located In Osaka,one of the most dense and populated cites of Japan. This 8 storey structure consisted of shopping mall with a theatre and different restaurants,and roof park which combined with a tower. Inside of the structure there is an open void that shops an restaurants are located there. This open void is like desert canyons in America which is combined with glass and few vegetation s. There are sky ways that connect two sides of void and an elevator that make the connecting between different storeys and roof park. The roof park is defined in different level and in each level different shops and restaurants are accessible. Generally this park is an  interesting combination of  different functions. People can spend hours in this park to do different activities. Although most of the shopping malls have these features, the roof park which is defined in different levels and the open void and the combination of this structure with tower make it distinguished.

http://bigpicture.ru

http://architecture-view.com

http://www.danhartfordphoto.com